weka
Admin
عدد المساهمات : 120
تاريخ التسجيل : 29/11/2009
العمر : 27
الموقع : .negm10.yoo7.com
 |  موضوع: Open the online Arabic language course StatCounter - Free Web Tracker and Counter Hamas  الأربعاء أبريل 21, 2010 7:07 am | |
|
Arabic: hamās;
haraka 'al-muqāwama 'al-'islāmiyya
|
<table bgcolor="#888855" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" width="230">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#666633" width="230">This
article
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
1. Ideology
2. Organization
3. Actions
4. History
Full text in translation
Hamas
Charter
</td></tr></table>
Hamas style propaganda;
kids first. Still, it must be noted, that Hamas has actually never used
kids as suicide bombers as this image suggests.
<table bgcolor="#888855" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" width="230">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" bgcolor="#666633" width="230">Leaders
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">Ahmad
Yassin
</td>
<td align="right" bgcolor="#eeeeee" nowrap="nowrap">1987-2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">Abd
al-Aziz ar-Rantissi
</td>
<td align="right" bgcolor="#eeeeee" nowrap="nowrap">2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">Ismail Haniya
</td>
<td align="right" bgcolor="#eeeeee" nowrap="nowrap">2005-</td>
</tr>
</table>
Hamas does not operate
with formal leadership since 2004. Between April 2004 and December 2005,
leadership was not official. Since 2005, Haniya may well be only one of
at least 3 leaders.
|
Palestinian Islamist political group
founded in 1987, extending its activities to social programs in
Palestinian territories, as well as military actions against Israel.
Hamas won the 2006 elections, making their candidate, Ismail Haniya prime
minister, but since 2007 he has governed only Gaza Strip; Salam Fayyad being prime
minister for West Bank.
Hamas is not the official name of the organization, which is Haraka
al-Muqawama al-Islamiya, which translates into English as 'Islamic
Resistance Movement'. Hamas is both an approximate acronym, as well as a
name with a specific meaning, 'zeal' in Arabic.
Ideology
Hamas defines its ideology in a charter,
across 36 articles. The actual content of the charter is thin, most of
it are expressions of emotions and semi-factual information aiming at
causing emotions with the reader. There are numerous references to
religious texts, both the Koran
and the hadiths.
Article
8 states that "Allah is its target, the Prophet is its model, the
Koran its constitution. Jihad is its path and death for the sake of
Allah is the loftiest of its wishes." The establishment and continued
existence of Israel is something evil that need to be fought
relentlessly, yet Hamas bluntly states that "...any land the Muslims
have conquered by force..." shall remain under Muslim control (Article
11).
Several times, Hamas equates Zionism with Nazism. Still,
there is one point where Nazi propaganda penetrates the charter (Article
32). Hamas uses as proof of the great Zionist plan that this is
"...embodied in the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion"..." These
protocols are since long proven a forgery, only Neo-Nazis promote them
as genuine in recent decades.
Hamas aims not to reach its goals by negotiations. Article
13 clearly states that "Initiatives, and so-called peaceful
solutions and international conferences, are in contradiction to the
principles of [Hamas]...There is no solution for the Palestinian
question except through Jihad." Article
11 declares that no party has the right to give up any Palestinian
land, and by their definition this includes the state of Israel (except
occupied Golan Heights).
Hamas' ideology is a mix of mainly Palestinian nationalism, a
moderate Islamist understanding of Islam and some Arab pan-nationalism.
Hamas wishes to promote a world without civilian, secular
organizations. All aspects of life and society, big or small, are to be
guided by the regulations of Islam.
Hamas' charter has racist tendencies, and is brutally
anti-Jewish, and then not limited to the question of Israel. Jews are
said to have been "...behind the French Revolution, the Communist
revolution and most of the revolutions we heard and hear about..." and
even behind World War 1, which apparently the Jews initiated simply to
topple the "Islamic Caliphate" (Ottoman Empire). And
since the Jews are to blame for World War 1, Hamas even throws in the
responsibility for World War 2, (Article
22), from which Jews are supposed to have gained most!
Hamas attitudes to non-Muslims is expressed ambiguously
throughout the charter, but Article
31 comes fairly clear: "It is the duty of the followers of other
religions to stop disputing the sovereignty of Islam in [the Middle
East]..." In its understanding of how the world works and of historical
facts the Hamas Charter appears naive and badly-informed: Rotary Clubs
are equated with espionage organizations (Article
17), and
Hamas mentions on a few occasions how families and society
should be run, like that it is the responsibility of a mothers to
conduct good control of family finances. The responsibilities in society
is defined in Article
21: "Mutual social responsibility means extending assistance,
financial or moral, to all those who are in need and joining in the
execution of some of the work." But Hamas never comes close to defining a
family or economical program, rather it promotes Islam and its values,
but does not go clear on what these involves. Rather, Hamas stresses
that scholars should study Islam thoroughly to establish its values and
regulations, and that these should be transferred to the young in
schools and to the teach the masses in what is a good conduct of life.
Although Hamas clearly stresses this to secure that no random politics
will emerge from their side, Hamas' opponents can easily argue that a
Hamas with full political powers can soon come up with a few unpleasant
surprise or two. The reason why Hamas promotes true and unlimited Islam
as a good thing, relies upon the established myth that there ever has
been highly successful Muslim societies (see Islam / Golden Age).
Hamas states in Article
31 that it is "...a humanistic movement. It takes care of human
rights and is guided by Islamic tolerance when dealing with the
followers of other religions." Still, this applies only to "Islam,
Christianity and Judaism". It could be alleged that Hamas need not
identify its relationship to other religions, as these are the only ones
present in Palestine and Israel. Also Human
Rights in Islam is not to be confused with "human rights" as
defined in Western societies.
Organization
Hamas grew out of the Muslim Brotherhood,
specifically from a branch active in Gaza that was primarily
involved in religious, social and educational work. The Hamas and Muslim
Brotherhood continues to have good interrelationships, and the two
groups could be considered to be one entity. The Hamas Charter defines
Hamas as a wing of the Palestinian branch of the Brotherhood.
The first leader was Shaykh Ahmad Yassin, who
held the position despite bad health until his assassination in 2004.
The Intifada,
the Palestinian public resistance that started in 1987, the same year
as the founding of Hamas, helped make Hamas one of the most important
groups in Palestine.
Hamas is also involved in a wide range of social programs for
poor Palestinians, programs providing welfare and education, vocational
training, health care and also jobs for unemployed. Their main centre
of activity is the Gaza Strip, where they have provided a better welfare
system than what the Palestinian authorities have offered. Many
observers claim that this type of activity is the real focus of Hamas'
activities, rather than the political/violent one.
Hamas has strong support among Palestinians, even if these
numbers fluctuate continually depending on the change in social
conditions and politics in Palestine. With the Israeli killings of
stone-throwing Palestinians in late 2000, Hamas emerged as stronger than
ever. From this time on, Hamas had become strong enough to represent a
real threat to the PLO's authority and power.
In 2006, Hamas won a clear majority in the Palestinian
Legislative Council, much to the surprise of foreign observers.
Actions
Hamas has become known for its suicide bombers and activists. These come
from a special branch of Hamas, called Allotment of the Power of
Religion, Izz ad-Din al-Qassam. Members of this brigade believe
that death in the name of God
is the greatest sacrifice that can be offered.
In addition to attacks on Israelis, jihad of Hamas has
involved some actions against moderate Palestinians (especially members
of PLO).
Hamas came up front in the world press in 2001, with a bomb
in a bus in Tel Aviv
that killed 22 civilians. Hundreds of Hamas activists were put in
Israeli detention.
As political leaders of Gaza since 2006, Hamas has been able
to lauch a kind of state war on Israel.
History
1987: Founded by members of the Muslim Brotherhood based in Gaza,
fronted by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi and Mohammad
Taha.
1994 May: Establishment of the Palestinian National
Authority to which Hamas objects and threats with civil war, at the same
time as they continue to attack Israel.
2000: Israeli soldiers kill stone-throwing Palestinians,
rendering the Palestinian authorities irrelevant for Palestinian
security. Many more Palestinians start supporting Hamas.
2001 June 1. 22 killed in Tel Aviv by a suicide bomber of
Hamas.
— August 9: 15 killed in Jerusalem by a suicide bomber of
Hamas.
2002 May 7: 16 killed in Rishon LeZion by a suicide bomber
of Hamas.
2003 March 5: 17 killed, 55 injured by a suicide bomber of
Hamas.
— June 11: 17 killed in Jerusalem by a suicide bomber
dressed up as an orthodox Jew.
— August 19: 23 killed, 100 injured in Jerusalem by a
suicide bomber.
2004 March 14: 10 killed, 16 injured in Ashdod by two suicide
bombers of Hamas.
— March 22: Shaykh Ahmad Yassin is killed by Israeli
soldiers, at the command of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon of
Israel. Abdul Aziz al-Rantissi becomes the new leader.
— April 17: Abdul Aziz al-Rantissi is assassinated by the
Israeli army at the command of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.
— April 18: A new leader is selected, but for security
reasons, his identity is kept secret. According to Israeli authorities,
the un-named leader is Mahmoud al-Zahar.
2005 September: Israel withdraws completely from the Gaza
Strip, allowing Hamas more unofficial control and influence over the
area than before.
2006 January 26: Hamas is declared winner of the elections
for the Palestinian Legislative Council. They get 42.9% of the votes
and 76 of 132 seats.
2008 June 19: A cease-fire is signed between Hamas and
Israel.
— December 20: Hamas declares it will not prolong the
cease-fire. Hamas blames Israel for having closed borders for little but
humanitarian aid, and begins shooting off rockets into Israeli
territory.
— December 26: Israel opens several border points to Gaza,
but Hamas' attacks on Israel continues.
— December 27: Israel launches a wave of airstrikes on
Gaza Strip, killing hundreds within few hours. Many civilians are
killed, due to Hamas strategy of placing military installations among
civilian homes. Within two weeks more than 800 Palestinian are killed,
but the number of civilian is unusually low for any war, and especially
for a war fought against military placed around civilian homes.
| |
|
